Muslims and Christians in Western Europe

A Comparison of Muslims and Christians in Western Europe 
 On the basis of an original survey among native Christians and
 Muslims of Turkish and Moroccan origin in Germany, France,
 the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria and Sweden, this paper 
investigates four research questions comparing native 
Christians to Muslim immigrants: 

 (1) the extent of religious fundamentalism; 
(2) its socio-economic determinants; 
(3) whether it can be distinguished from 
other indicators of religiosity; and 
(4) its relationship to hostility towards out-groups 
(homosexuals, Jews, the West, and Muslims). 

 The results indicate that religious fundamentalist attitudes are 
much more widespread among Sunnite Muslims than among 
native Christians, even after controlling for the different demographic 
and socio-economic compositions of these groups. 
Alevite Muslims from Turkey, by contrast, show low levels of 
fundamentalism, comparable to Christians. 
Among both Christians and Muslims, strong religiosity 
as such is not (among Christians) or only mildly 
(among Muslims) related to hostility towards out-gro...
 ( R. W. R. Koopmans)